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TunerTrifecta
11-12-2007, 08:44 PM
Alrighty folks, since I do this for a living, and I realize it's not everyone's forte, I figure I'll start a series of DIY Write-Ups for installing mobile electronics equipment!

Be sure to completely read the directions at least one time BEFORE starting the installation. This way you've got a good idea of what's coming up next. Also, be sure to check the notes at the bottom. If an instruction has a note it will be noted with one or more asterisks (*).

In this issue, we'll go over how to install both a 4 channel amplifier and either a 2-channel or 1-channel(monoblock) amplifier. Keep in mind, if you're installing either type of amplifier to your stock headunit, you'll need to buy the appropriate Line-Out Converter (LOC)


Things you'll need:

4-channel:
Note: All of these things except the RCA's are found in a power "kit". Do NOT buy the cheap wal-mart kits, do NOT buy Raptor kits, and do NOT buy scosche kits, they use aluminum wire and are no where near the AWG they say they are.

8awg power wire (roughly 20ft)
8awg ground wire (roughly 5ft)
4-channel RCA's* (5m will work, 6m is better--don't skimp on these)
Speaker Wire-at least 16awg (roughly 150ft to do it right--all 4 speakers, 80ft for front 2 only)
Single blue wire (roughly 20ft)
Ring terminal same size as power wire x1
Ring terminal same size as ground wire x1

2-channel/monoblock:
Note: All of these things except the RCA's are found in a power "kit". Do NOT buy the cheap wal-mart kits, do NOT buy Raptor kits, and do NOT buy scosche kits, they use aluminum wire and are no where near the AWG they say they are.

4awg or 8awg power wire (roughly 20ft)**
4awg or 8awg ground wire (roughly 5ft)**
2-channel RCA's (5m will work, 6m is better--don't skimp on these)
Speaker Wire-at least 14awg (roughly 5ft, I used 10awg)
Single blue wire, any awg (roughly 20ft)
Ring terminal same size as power wire x1
Ring terminal same size as ground wire x1

Both:

0awg or 4awg power wire (roughly 20ft)
0awg or 4awg ground wire (roughly 5 ft)
4-channel RCA's (5m will work, 6m is better--don't skimp on these)
2-channel RCA's (5m will work, 6m is better--don't skimp on these)
Speaker Wire-at least 14awg (roughly 5ft, I used 10awg)
Speaker Wire-at least 16awg (roughly 150ft to do all 4 speakers, 80 to do front 2 only)
Single blue wire, any awg (roughly 20ft)
At least 1 distrobution block for power (I used 1 for ground also, NOT fused for the ground, fused for power)
Ring terminal same size as power wire x1
Ring terminal same size as ground wire x1 with distro block, x2 without___________________________________________ __________________________________


Now that that part is out of the way, let's go over some...
Basics:


Your ground wire should be as short as possible, no longer than 3 ft
Your ground MUST be grounded to something metal on the body. Sand/grind off all paint/rust/undercoat before attaching
Your fuse on the power wire should be as close to the battery as possible, no further than 3ft from the battery
DO NOT, I repeat, DO NOT run your power wire through the door jambs. There are several grommets in the firewall to go through. If you can't find one, CAREFULLY drill a hole in the firewall using a step-bit, then put a rubber grommet or something similair in the hole to protect the wire from the sharp edges.
Power wire(s) and signal cables (RCA's) SHOULD be run down opposite sides of the car. I would say MUST, but you aren't going to damage anything by doing it wrong, it will just sound bad.
Run your speaker wires on the same side of the car as the signal cables.
Anything wrapped in yellow wire-loom, DON'T MESS WITH IT. This one is very important. Yellow loom=airbag wires.
Always remember this: It's easier to cut excess wire off than to add wire where you cut too short. LEAVE YOURSELF EXTRA WIRE!_____________________________________________ _______________________________

Let's get started! You can do this 1 of 2 ways.


Pull out everything in the trunk (carpet, foam stuff, etc...), the bottom of the rear seat, the kick panels, and the sill-plates
Fight with tucking wires instead.
You choose. Ok really now, let's get started.
__________________________________________________ ________________________________________________


Power and Ground wires

Disconnect your negative battery terminal and let the car sit for about 10 minutes before you do ANYTHING-this is for your own safety.
Figure out where you want to mount the amp(s)
Find a place to run the power wire through the firewall
Connect remote turn on/accessory wire and tape it to the side of the power wire, this makes it easy to knock out 2 birds with 1 stone. On an aftermarket headunit the remote turn on wire is clearly labeled, on the factory the wire color is gray, in the harness connected to your radio.
Get your power wire tucked away all the way back to the amplifier (not connected to anything, yet)
Figure out where you'll be mounting the fuse for the power wire
Remove fuse from fuse block
Attach power wire to battery post using ring terminal
Cut power wire where you'll be attaching the fuse, remember, no more than 3ft away.
Attach power wire to fuse block on both sides, remembering to keep the fuse out until the end. If only using 1 amplifier, skip to step 11
Attach power wire to distrobution block.
Attach power expansions to distrobution block
Attach power wire to amplifier (Will say 12v+, +, 12v, etc...)
Find a sufficient place to make a ground. Remember to sand off paint, rust, undercoat or anything else hiding bare metal.
Attach ground wire to body/frame using ring terminal
Attach ground wire to amplifier(s) (will say 12v-, -, ground, etc...)
Attach remote turn on wire to amplifier (will say "remote")Voila! Power, ground, and remote turn on is done!

TunerTrifecta
11-12-2007, 08:53 PM
__________________________________________________ _____________________________________

Signal/RCA's

Pull the head unit out
Connect the RCA's to the back of your source unit in the appropriate slots (front for front, rear for rear, sub for sub--duh)If you're using a factory head unit, connect the LOC here, at the back of the head unit, just like with an aftermarket. See my Scion wiring diagram for which speakers to hook to.
Easiest way to run RCA's is straight behind the radio, behind the carpet and around to the sill plate, going under the sill plate.
Be sure to label your RCA's if you're running more than 1 amplifier. If you're running a 4-channel, be sure to label which speaker is which RCA or your fade and balance will be whacked out.
Get your RCA's tucked away neatly, and if you do have to cross any power wires, be sure to cross them at a 90-degree angle; doing this makes any signal interferance litterally impossible.
Once you get your RCA's back to the amplifier, be sure you're plugging them into the input, not the pre-out slot on your amp. Sounds stupid, but it's an easy mistake to make.
That part was easy enough right!? If you're just running a subwoofer amplifier you're almost done!!
__________________________________________________ __________________________________________________ _____

Speaker Wires
One (1) Subwoofer, single voice coil:
Make sure to use wire that is either easily distinguishable to you as far as which is positive (+) and which is negative (-), or be sure to label your wires very well. Refer to the "things you'll need section above for how much wire and what gauge (awg) to use.
Connect the positive wire to the positive (red, +) terminal on the subwoofer.
Connect the negative wire to the negative (black, -) terminal on the subwoofer. If you are NOT using a terminal cup (circle or square on the back of the box to which you plug the wires into), skip to step 8.
Connect the positive wire to the positive side of your terminal cup, inside the enclosure.
Connect the negative wire to the negative side of your terminal cup, inside the enclosure.
Attach a wire from the positive side of the terminal cup, outside the enclosure.
Attach a wire from the negative side of the terminal cup, outside the enclosure.
Attach the positive wire from your terminal cup or enclosure to the positive terminal on the amplifier
Attach the negative wire from your terminal cup or enclosure to the negative terminal on the amplifier.Dual voice coil subwoofer(s), and multiple subwoofers:

For information regarding dual voice coil subwoofer(s) or multiple subwoofer setups, see this link first: Rockford Fosgate Woofer Wiring Wizard (http://www.rockfordfosgate.com/rftech/woofer_wizard.asp). If you still have questions, feel free to PM or e-mail me! :)


4 Channel amplifiers:
Because there are so many ways to do this, I'm doing this write up on the CORRECT way to wire new, high quality speakers. For more information feel free to PM or e-mail me! :)

We're going to pretend that the door is already off and the speaker, factory or otherwise has already been removed. Starting on the passenger door (trust me):

You should be able to reach back into the speaker opening (careful, don't cut yourself) and feel where the factory wires come through.
Find something somewhat stiff that you'll feel comfortable using to pull wire through the door boot (the rubber hose that goes between the body and the door). I use a 6ft long zip-tie
Jam your wire pull, whatever it may be, through the door boot until you can feel it come out the other side. It's easiest to start from inside the door and poke into the car.
Once you can see your wire pull, tape your new speaker wire(s) to it*** Allow yourself about 6" extra for play room--see last bullet under "basics" for why.
Now that you have the passenger's wires ran, time for the driver's side!
These wires (in a tC at least) will get ran BEHIND the center console, under the carpet, behind the pedals, and into the door jamb, same way you did the passenger side. The side of the wires that will connect to the amp should be ran down the passenger side, along with the wires for the passenger door, and any RCA's.
Now, tuck all of your speaker wires the same way you tucked your RCA cables, get them back to your amp (hopefully they're labeled so it's nice and easy), and drop them in!
TADA!!! We've just finished installing 2 amplifiers!! Pretty easy eh? ;) Remember, anything you need--questions, help, pictures, ANYTHING at all, just contact me!

Most importantly, if you feel that you've gotten in over your head, IMMEDIATELY take your car to a professional installer. The more things that go wrong, the more things we have to charge you for to fix! So remember, work to your skill level, not past it!

DISCLAIMER: I am in no way shape or form liable for any damage directly or indirectly related to this write up. Install at your own risk.
__________________________________________________ ____________________________________

Notes:

*If you'll be running a 4-channel amplifier bridged to 2 channels, you'll need two (2) Y-adapters, 2-female to 1-male style.
**Ground wire must be same awg or larger (lower awg) as power wire. Size (awg) of power wire to be determined by how many amperes of current you're drawing from the battery.
***If you're using a standard co-axial or tri-axial or even quad-axial speaker, you'll only need 1 pair (2 wires total) of speaker wires. If you're running a component set, like what's factory, you'll need 2 pair in each door (4 wires in each front door, 8 total for front speakers only.)

trebor
11-14-2007, 08:32 AM
Nice write-up!! :up:

DriverLost
11-14-2007, 04:38 PM
Very cool stuff! :clap: Thanks

TunerTrifecta
11-14-2007, 07:02 PM
Thanks guys!! Look for future issues to be coming out soon, including speakers and headunits!

Harleyguy
11-14-2007, 09:19 PM
I think pictures would help a lot as most mechanical people need pics as well text to understand. Nice write up by the way.....

TunerTrifecta
11-14-2007, 09:57 PM
I'll take some pics in a few days when I rip my interior apart :)

Thanks for all the compliments guys! If they're all responded to this well, I'll keep making new ones!

trinben
11-15-2007, 07:49 AM
awesome write up :clap:

TunerTrifecta
11-15-2007, 10:40 AM
Thanks John! :D Love the avatar by the way. She should star on a new talk show...the REAL Tyra Banks........

AlvintC
11-21-2007, 09:38 AM
Uhh, not meaning to step on toes, but... MECP says fuse no longer than 18" from battery, what about a star washer and non-self tapping screw for ground? If your ground isn't supposed to be longer than 3', why buy 5'? RCA's need to be 18" min away from power wire to avoid oscillation/engine noise. Depending on how your amp hooks up, whether it be a direct input or screw terminal, you need spade forks for screw terminal. Remote turn on is low current, so you can run remote with RCA wires since they take the same path. If running multiple amps a relay may be required for remote turn on as well. Be sure with subs to set your amp frequency to LOW PASS (50-100hz), and on highs/mids either THRU (if you have an eq controller) or HIGH PASS (normally between 110-130hz). When using a ported box be sure to set your sub-sonic filter around 30-20hz to avoid damage to the sub. You can find specific frequency response based on manufacturer specs. Other than that, nice write up!

TunerTrifecta
11-21-2007, 10:36 PM
No toes hurt :)

18" is correct, but not always possible, 3ft is the accepted max.

buy 5' in the event that you screw up.

RCA's 18" is also correct, but where in the car would you run something only 18" away from power that would be easier than the other side of the car?

Spade terminals are an amenity, not a necessity. If your wire is properly inserted it shouldn't corrode.

A screw and star washer is all good, but most people don't like to drill holes in their car, and I don't want someone putting a screw in their gas tank.

Why would a relay be needed for the remote turn on for more than 1 amp? Jump from 1 amp to the other.

I assume that if someone is inclined enough to install their own product, they can figure out how to set the crossovers, or they'll at least ask.

30hz is usually the norm for a subsonic filter, correct.

DriverLost
11-21-2007, 11:10 PM
Great stuff guys. :clap: I shortened up my ground wires after reading this the other day, and lost some mild noise I was putting up with.

Thanks.

Question, somewhat related: Electronic noise filters like this http://digital-comfort.com/store/proddetail.php?prod=SGTFLTR25TE
intended for audio.

Are they basically the same component used to protect, or stabilize the power source to video monitors?

The xB RS 3.0 has a defect in the power supply to the head rest monitors, that causes them to cut out intermittently. I'm 90% sure it is an undersized or defective power filter (amp size) and/or power wire being under sized. (agw)

My plan is to run a new power wire (12agw) from a fresh fused connection at the battery, switched with a relay from the remote feed, and replace the filter with that Soundgate product.

Any input on this would be great.

Thanks again

TunerTrifecta
11-21-2007, 11:18 PM
I think all that is is a noise filter, for filtering out sound interference you get from crossing a power wire and a signal cable. Could be wrong though.

The monitors and or power supply could be getting too hot too. I would say try running a new power wire TO the power supply.

trebor
11-22-2007, 12:09 AM
RCA's need to be 18" min away from power wire to avoid oscillation/engine noise.


RCA's 18" is also correct, but where in the car would you run something only 18" away from power that would be easier than the other side of the car?

I wasn't going to say anything but since it came up.......after you get the RCA's away from the power wire how do you get them away from the chassis of the car being as it carries the exact same signal in reverse phase as the power wire did? :bash:

Keeping RCA's away from power wires is an old myth that is unfortunately still being taught. Using UTP (unshielded twisted pair) RCA cables and finding a relatively quiet grounding location for your amp/processors are key to having a noise free system. The cars chassis is used as the ground return path for every electrical piece of equipment on the car....thats where the noise is at.

While keeping power and RCA's separated surely won't do any harm, knowing where the real problem is can certainly help down the line! :up:

Since I've already opened my mouth anyhow.......the best place to mount a LOC(line output converter) is at the amp, not directly behind the deck. The high output voltage and ultra low output impedance of the speaker wires make picking up any noise nearly impossible, so you want to use that to your benefit.....run the speaker wire back to your amp and install the LOC there. Small gauge speaker wire is cheap and so are a short pair of RCA's.....you've just saved money and improved the performance of your system......

Once again.....nice job on this post, keep em' coming!

TunerTrifecta
11-22-2007, 12:32 AM
You know I never though about the grounding thing...I do agree though, your higher end (monster 302 and up) RCAs that are twisted pairs make noise interference almost impossible anyway...